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#sargassosea

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DoomsdaysCW<p>I remember this story from last year...</p><p>‘<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Pathogen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Pathogen</span></a>’ Storm: <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/VibrioBacteria" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>VibrioBacteria</span></a>, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Sargassum" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Sargassum</span></a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Plastic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Plastic</span></a> Marine Debris</p><p>By gisele galoustian | 5/18/2023</p><p>"A new study uncovers how the interplay between Sargassum spp., plastic marine debris and Vibrio bacteria creates the perfect 'pathogen' storm that has implications for both marine life and public health. Vibrio bacteria are found in waters around the world and are the dominant cause of death in humans from the marine environment. For example, Vibrio vulnificus, one of more than 100 species of Vibrio, sometimes referred to as flesh-eating bacteria, can cause life-threatening foodborne illnesses from <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/seafood" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>seafood</span></a> consumption as well as disease and death from open <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wound" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>wound</span></a> infections.</p><p>"Since 2011, Sargassum, free-living populations of brown macroalga, have been rapidly expanding in the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/SargassoSea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SargassoSea</span></a> and other parts of the open ocean such as the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt, including frequent and unprecedented seaweed accumulation events on beaches. Plastic marine debris, first found in surface waters of the Sargasso Sea, has become a worldwide concern, and is known to persist decades longer than natural substrates in the marine environment.</p><p>"Currently, little is known about the ecological relationship of vibrios with Sargassum. Moreover, genomic and metagenomic evidence has been lacking as to whether vibrios colonizing plastic marine debris and Sargassum could potentially infect humans. As summer kicks into high gear and efforts are underway to find innovative solutions to repurpose Sargassum, could these substrates pose a triple threat to public health?</p><p>"Researchers from Florida Atlantic University and collaborators fully sequenced the genomes of 16 Vibrio cultivars isolated from eel larvae, plastic marine debris, Sargassum, and seawater samples collected from the Caribbean and Sargasso seas of the North Atlantic Ocean. What they discovered is Vibrio pathogens have the unique ability to 'stick' to microplastics and that these microbes might just be adapting to plastic. </p><p>“'Plastic is a new element that’s been introduced into marine environments and has only been around for about 50 years,' said Tracy Mincer, Ph.D., corresponding lead author and an assistant professor of biology at FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute and Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College. 'Our lab work showed that these Vibrio are extremely aggressive and can seek out and stick to plastic within minutes. We also found that there are attachment factors that microbes use to stick to plastics, and it is the same kind of mechanism that pathogens use.'</p><p>"The study, published in the journal Water Research , illustrates that open ocean vibrios represent an up to now undescribed group of microbes, some representing potential new species, possessing a blend of pathogenic and low nutrient acquisition genes, reflecting their pelagic habitat and the substrates and hosts they colonize. Utilizing metagenome-assembled genome (MAG), this study represents the first Vibrio spp. genome assembled from plastic debris.</p><p>"The study highlighted vertebrate pathogen genes closely related to cholera and non-cholera bacterial strains. Phenotype testing of cultivars confirmed rapid biofilm formation, hemolytic and lipophospholytic activities, consistent with pathogenic potential.</p><p>"Researchers also discovered that zonula occludens toxin or 'zot' genes, first described in Vibrio cholerae, which is a secreted toxin that increases intestinal permeability, were some of the most highly retained and selected genes in the vibrios they found. These vibrios appear to be getting in through the gut, getting stuck in the intestines and infecting that way.</p><p>"'Another interesting thing we discovered is a set of genes called ‘zot’ genes, which causes leaky gut syndrome,' said Mincer. 'For instance, if a fish eats a piece of plastic and gets infected by this Vibrio, which then results in a <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LeakyGut" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LeakyGut</span></a> and diarrhea, it’s going to release waste nutrients such <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/nitrogen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>nitrogen</span></a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/phosphate" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>phosphate</span></a> that could stimulate Sargassum growth and other surrounding organisms.'</p><p>"Findings show some Vibrio spp. in this environment have an ‘omnivorous’ lifestyle targeting both plant and animal hosts in combination with an ability to persist in oligotrophic conditions. With increased human-Sargassum-plastic marine debris interactions, associated microbial flora of these substrates could harbor potent opportunistic pathogens. Importantly, some cultivation-based data show beached Sargassum appear to harbor high amounts of Vibrio bacteria.</p><p>"'I don’t think at this point, anyone has really considered these microbes and their capability to cause infections,' said Mincer. 'We really want to make the public aware of these associated risks. In particular, caution should be exercised regarding the harvest and processing of Sargassum biomass until the risks are explored more thoroughly.'"</p><p><a href="https://www.fau.edu/newsdesk/articles/perfect-pathogen-storm.php" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">fau.edu/newsdesk/articles/perf</span><span class="invisible">ect-pathogen-storm.php</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/WaterIsLife" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>WaterIsLife</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Microplastics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Microplastics</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PlasticPollution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PlasticPollution</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Anticonsumerism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Anticonsumerism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Degrowth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Degrowth</span></a><br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PlasticAlternatives" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PlasticAlternatives</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/CleanUpYourMess" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CleanUpYourMess</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BigCorporations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BigCorporations</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Consumerism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Consumerism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Advertising" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Advertising</span></a></p>
Kevin Karhan :verified:<p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://universeodon.com/@RustyRing" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>RustyRing</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://mastodon.social/@nurglerider" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>nurglerider</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://gensokyo.social/@Deiru" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>Deiru</span></a></span> </p><p>Eeyupp...</p><p>Even the <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/SargassoSea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SargassoSea</span></a> may sound chill due to being mostly devoid of currents and waves and winds but that doesn't change the fact that it's a major pathway for <a href="https://mstdn.social/tags/Hurricanes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Hurricanes</span></a> and those will wreck havoc on ships...</p>
Lukas VFN 🇪🇺<p><a href="https://scholar.social/tags/Neuston" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Neuston</span></a>: Of Terms in Biology <a href="https://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2023/09/da-capo-of-terms-in-biology-neuston.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">schaechter.asmblog.org/schaech</span><span class="invisible">ter/2023/09/da-capo-of-terms-in-biology-neuston.html</span></a> <span class="h-card"><a href="https://mstdn.science/@STCmicrobeblog" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>STCmicrobeblog</span></a></span></p><p>"The presence of a gelatinous surface microlayer film had been proposed in 1983, based partly on observations of the slick associated with blooms in the <a href="https://scholar.social/tags/SargassoSea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SargassoSea</span></a> of the filamentous <a href="https://scholar.social/tags/cyanobacteria" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>cyanobacteria</span></a> <a href="https://scholar.social/tags/Trichodesmium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Trichodesmium</span></a>... What about the ocean surface film from the <a href="https://scholar.social/tags/microbial" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>microbial</span></a> neustonian point of view? It might appear to be an immense <a href="https://scholar.social/tags/biofilm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>biofilm</span></a> stretching from horizon to horizon... Estimates of its thickness range from 1 to 50 µm"</p>
PLOS Biology<p>If you are interested in life on the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/ocean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ocean</span></a> surface, check out this Essay from <br>@RebeccaRHelm<br> </p><p>The mysterious ecosystem at the ocean’s surface</p><p><a href="http://plos.io/3uao06E" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">http://</span><span class="">plos.io/3uao06E</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p>and the paper</p><p>Floating life (<a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/neuston" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>neuston</span></a>) &amp; trash cluster in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/GreatPacificGarbagePatch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GreatPacificGarbagePatch</span></a>. High neuston abundance was only known in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/SargassoSea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SargassoSea</span></a>, but @this_fionachong @RebeccaRHelm &amp;co reveal high densities of floating life in the plastic-rich GPGP <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PLOSBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PLOSBiology</span></a> </p><p><a href="https://plos.io/3LXY3CC" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">plos.io/3LXY3CC</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p><a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/neuston" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>neuston</span></a> <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/MarineLife" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>MarineLife</span></a></p>
PLOS Biology<p>Floating life (<a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/neuston" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>neuston</span></a>) &amp; trash cluster in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/GreatPacificGarbagePatch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GreatPacificGarbagePatch</span></a>. High neuston abundance was only known in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/SargassoSea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SargassoSea</span></a>, but @this_fionachong @RebeccaRHelm &amp;co reveal high densities of floating life in the plastic-rich GPGP <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PLOSBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PLOSBiology</span></a> <a href="https://plos.io/3LXY3CC" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">plos.io/3LXY3CC</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>
PLOS Biology<p>Floating life (<a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/neuston" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>neuston</span></a>) &amp; trash cluster in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/GreatPacificGarbagePatch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GreatPacificGarbagePatch</span></a>. High neuston abundance was only known in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/SargassoSea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SargassoSea</span></a>, but @this_fionachong @RebeccaRHelm &amp;co reveal high densities of floating life in the plastic-rich GPGP <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PLOSBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PLOSBiology</span></a> <a href="https://plos.io/3LXY3CC" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">plos.io/3LXY3CC</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>
PLOS Biology<p>Floating life (<a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/neuston" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>neuston</span></a>) &amp; trash cluster in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/GreatPacificGarbagePatch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>GreatPacificGarbagePatch</span></a>. High neuston abundance was only known in the <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/SargassoSea" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>SargassoSea</span></a>, but @this_fionachong @RebeccaRHelm &amp;co reveal high densities of floating life in the plastic-rich GPGP <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PLOSBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PLOSBiology</span></a> <a href="https://plos.io/3LXY3CC" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">plos.io/3LXY3CC</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>