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#neutrophils

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Richard Rathe

Mind blowing #immunology fact!

We now know that the body's first responders (#Neutrophils) have a multi-pronged attack, and when all else fails they turn into little suicide bombers--spewing out their own #DNA as a microscopic #net to catch and kill #bacteria! 🙀

Somebody was cute and named these "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps" or NETs for short. 🙂

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutroph

This photo is from a medical journal and is credited to Dr Volker Brinkmann, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany. Amazing!! 👍 👏

(Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Scanning electron microscopy of neutrophil (yellow) casting a net (green) entrapping Helicobacter pylori bacteria (blue))

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/AT

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Scanning electron microscopy of neutrophil (yellow) casting a net (green) entrapping Helicobacter pylori bacteria (blue)
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datum (n=1)

"The dysfunction of the cells could be a phenotype predisposing to LCS, but we believe it to be rather a complication of the acute disease. Moreover, this may be a possible explanation for the virus reactivations (EBV, HHV6),59 the frequent Streptococcal tonsillitis,60 or upper airway infections of children with LCS observed in our praxis and worldwide with the more serious influenza or RSV seasons."

nature.com/articles/s41390-024

NatureLong COVID syndrome in children: neutrophilic granulocyte dysfunction and its correlation with disease severity - Pediatric ResearchMany children suffer from lingering symptoms after COVID-19, known as long COVID syndrome (LCS), otherwise called Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC). Despite extensive research, the prevalence of symptoms, its impact on quality of life, and underlying mechanisms still need to be fully understood. As neutrophilic granulocytes play an essential role in COVID-19, and their prolonged disruption was found to cause immunological diseases, we hypothesized their ongoing disturbed functionality in LCS. We studied 129 children with LCS, 32 convalescent children (CG+), and 8 uninfected children (CG−). Online questionnaires and in-person examinations assessed symptoms, quality of life, and functioning (QoL-F). Effector functions of neutrophilic granulocytes obtained from the venous blood of 29 LCS and 17 CG+ children were also investigated. Persistent fatigue was the most common symptom in children with LCS, while both control groups complained about anxiety most frequently. LCS children experienced significantly more symptoms, impairing their QoL-F compared to CG+. Neutrophilic granulocyte dysfunction was found in LCS children, with decreased superoxide-producing activity and phagocytosis compared to CG+. The number of complaints of children with LCS correlated significantly with altered neutrophil effector functions. Neutrophil dysfunction in children with LCS may be part of the disease pathogenesis or a predisposing factor.
#CovidIsNotOver#COVID#COVID19
Public
datum (n=1)

Maybe one of the most interesting things to me, as a lay person, in nature.com/articles/s41390-024 is as I read this a lab Dx for Long Covid in children is doable and distinguishes cleanly from convalescent children without Long Covid symptoms (Figure 4: D, K, and I).

I read this Nature paper as absolutely puting to rest claims that children aren't getting LC or that it's post-2020 trauma and so on. There's been other evidence before but I don't remember other gaps that were so clean.

h/t a half dozen zeroes.ca and other fedisci folks

NatureLong COVID syndrome in children: neutrophilic granulocyte dysfunction and its correlation with disease severity - Pediatric ResearchMany children suffer from lingering symptoms after COVID-19, known as long COVID syndrome (LCS), otherwise called Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC). Despite extensive research, the prevalence of symptoms, its impact on quality of life, and underlying mechanisms still need to be fully understood. As neutrophilic granulocytes play an essential role in COVID-19, and their prolonged disruption was found to cause immunological diseases, we hypothesized their ongoing disturbed functionality in LCS. We studied 129 children with LCS, 32 convalescent children (CG+), and 8 uninfected children (CG−). Online questionnaires and in-person examinations assessed symptoms, quality of life, and functioning (QoL-F). Effector functions of neutrophilic granulocytes obtained from the venous blood of 29 LCS and 17 CG+ children were also investigated. Persistent fatigue was the most common symptom in children with LCS, while both control groups complained about anxiety most frequently. LCS children experienced significantly more symptoms, impairing their QoL-F compared to CG+. Neutrophilic granulocyte dysfunction was found in LCS children, with decreased superoxide-producing activity and phagocytosis compared to CG+. The number of complaints of children with LCS correlated significantly with altered neutrophil effector functions. Neutrophil dysfunction in children with LCS may be part of the disease pathogenesis or a predisposing factor.
#CovidIsNotOver#COVID#COVID19
Public
Thiago Carvalho

Mechanisms of metastasis.

'Together, our data show that glucocorticoids released during chronic stress cause NET formation and establish a metastasis-promoting microenvironment. Therefore, NETs could be targets for preventing metastatic recurrence in cancer patients, many of whom will experience chronic stress due to their disease.'
#Cancer #Neutrophils #Metastasis #Immunology

cell.com/cancer-cell/fulltext/?

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Rhyothemis

@shanaqui
There's another talk - I barely remember it - but IIRC it was interesting. Apparently mast cells can also release extracellular traps.

Presented by Imre Varju, MD, PhD
"Immune-derived extracellular traps in COVID-19 and other infections" Sept 2020
youtu.be/avFT3ypEBas

#immunology #COVID19 #neutrophils #MastCells #mitochondria #NETosis #ExtracellularTraps #thrombosis #clotting #fibrin
#myeloperoxidase
#histones

YouTubeImmune-derived extracellular traps in COVID-19 and other infectionsBy Labroots
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