Hericium abietis

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hericium_abietis.html

Ecology: Saprobic and parasitic on the wood of conifers (including firs, Douglas-fir, and hemlock); growing alone; fall and winter; distributed from northern California to Idaho and Alaska. The illustrated and described collection is from Oregon.

Fruiting Body: 10-30+ cm across; consisting of tightly packed branches arising from a hidden, knob-like mass that is attached to the wood; branches 2-3 cm thick, smooth, adorned with fleshy spines; spines 0.5-1 cm long, up to 1 mm wide, white when fresh and young, bruising faintly brownish and eventually discoloring yellowish to brownish overall.

Flesh: White; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-5 x 4-4.5 m; subglobose; smooth or minutely roughened; uniguttulate in KOH; amyloid. Hymenial cystidia 30-45 x 3-4 m; cylindric; flexuous; apices rounded or subclavate; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Hyphal system dimitic; gloeoplerous hyphae present; clamp connections present.

Sowerbyella rhenana

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Sowerbyella_rhenana.html

Ecology: Probably mycorrhizal (Tedersoo et al. 2010), growing gregariously or in loose clusters on the ground, usually in conifer woods; summer and fall, or over winter on the West Coast; apparently widely distributed in North America but more common in the west. The illustrated and described collections are from California and Michigan.

Fruiting Body: Cup-shaped, with a stem. Cups 18-25 mm across; upper surface bald, bright orange; under surface bald, pale orange; stem 10-25 x 3-5 mm, whitish to pale orange and downy when young, becoming orange and more or less bald; flesh orangish, not changing when sliced, brittle.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 18-22 x 10-12 m; ellipsoid; smooth when immature, becoming ornamented with a thick, coarse reticulation; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; orangish golden in Melzer's. Asci 275-300 x 15-20 m; 8-spored; hyaline in KOH; tips inamyloid. Paraphyses exceeding the asci by 5-10 m; 3-6 m wide; cylindric with apices subclavate to clavate (occasionally with slightly irregular swellings), straight or hooked 45-90 degrees; septate; smooth; hyaline in KOH.

REFERENCES: (Fuckel, 1870) J. Moravec, 1986. (Seaver, 1928; Moravec, 1985; Arora, 1986; Moravec, 1988; Barron, 1999; McNeil, 2006; Medel et al., 2006; Yao & Spooner, 2006; Perry et al., 2007; Trudell & Ammirati, 2009; Tedersoo et al., 2010; Desjardin, Wood & Stevens, 2015; Siegel & Schwarz, 2016; Læssøe & Petersen, 2019.) Herb. Kuo 09281904.

Trametes gibbosa

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Trametes_gibbosa.html

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods; annual; causing a white rot of the sapwood; growing alone or gregariously on logs and stumps; spring through fall; originally described from Europe (Persoon 1795); widely distributed in Eurasia; in North America distributed from the Great Plains eastward, and in the Pacific Northwest. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Michigan, North Carolina, and Ohio.

Cap: 4-20 cm across; 2.5-9 cm deep; 1.5-5 cm thick; semicircular or kidney-shaped; convex to planoconvex; dry; vaguely or distinctly zoned with tomentose and bald zones; whitish to grayish or brownish (sometimes green in places due to algae); lumpy; the margin often yellowish to brownish or brown when fresh.

Pore Surface: White to pale brownish; usually featuring slot-like pores (1-2 per mm) with thick pore walls, but occasionally with maze-like pores; tubes 2-15 mm deep; bruising yellow to pinkish or brownish—or not bruising.

Stem: Absent, or present as a prominent bump at the point of attachment to the substrate or, less often, as a stubby lateral structure with a surface like that of the cap.

Flesh: White; very tough and leathery; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor usually strong and fragrant when fresh, but sometimes not distinctive; taste slightly bitter, or not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH yellow to orange on flesh.

Spore Print: Whitish to faintly yellowish.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-5 x 1.5-2.5 m; cylindric to long-ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Cystidia not found. Setae not found. Hyphal system trimitic: generative hyphae 2.5-5 m wide, thin-walled, with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae 5-7.5 m wide, thick-walled, aseptate; binding hyphae 2.5-5 m wide, thick-walled, aseptate, branching frequently.

Hemileccinum hortonii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hemileccinum_hortonii.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks and possibly with other hardwoods; appearing alone or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 3-10 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex; dry or a little greasy; bald; tightly corrugated-wrinkled (very rarely only slightly wrinkled); reddish brown to orangish brown; with or without a tiny (under 1 mm) sterile overhanging margin.

Pore Surface: Bright yellow when young, becoming olive; not bruising, or bruising a little blue when mature; 2-3 pores per mm at maturity; tubes to 10 mm deep; by maturity often depressed at the stem.

Stem: 4-8 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; fairly equal; with tiny scabers that are initially yellow but mature to reddish; overall appearing yellow at first, then slowly developing red colors from the base upwards; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: Pale yellow or whitish; not staining on exposure—or sometimes bluing slightly.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: Ammonia flashing green on cap surface, then resolving to gray; negative on flesh. KOH blackish on cap surface; orangish on flesh. Iron salts negative on cap; negative on flesh.

Spore Print: Olive brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 10-12.5 x 3-4 m; fusiform; smooth; yellowish in KOH. Basidia clavate; 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis a trichoderm of inflated, chained elements (an epithelium); terminal elements either clavate to subglobose, 5-15 m across—or cylindric-cystidioid, 25-40 x 2.5-5 m, with rounded apices; both types smooth, hyaline in KOH, thin-walled. In cystidioid elements, subterminal cells sometimes swollen to various degrees.

Leratiomyces ceres

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Leratiomyces_ceres.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing scattered or gregariously in woodchips or in sawdust, lawns, gardens, and so on; fall through spring; coastal California to British Columbia. The illustrated and described collections are from California.

Cap: 2-6.5 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex, broadly bell-shaped, or nearly flat; bald; sticky when fresh, but soon dry; reddish orange to brownish orange; when young adorned with white veil remnants along the margin; the margin not lined.

Gills: Attached to the stem by a notch; close; short-gills frequent; pale yellow at first, later purplish gray to purple-black; with whitish to pale yellow edges when mature; sometimes developing reddish stains and spots.

Stem: 3-5 cm long; up to 1 cm thick; equal; dry; with or without a ring zone; bald or finely hairy; whitish to yellowish, staining reddish orange with maturity; base often with whitish to yellowish mycelial threads; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: Whitish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Dark purple-gray.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface dark gray.

Microscopic Features: Spores 10-14 x 6-8 m; ellipsoid; with a large (1 m) pore at one end; smooth; brown in KOH. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia as leptocystidia; 25-40 x 5-7.5 m; cylindric-flexuous to fusiform or somewhat irregular; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline or golden in KOH. Pleuro-chrysocystidia 35-50 x 10-15 m; lageniform; thin-walled; smooth; hyaline, with a globular, yellowish-refractive inclusion in KOH; sometimes absent. Pileipellis a thin ixocutis of cylindric elements 5-10 m wide, golden in KOH, smooth, clamped at septa; over a cellular subpellis.

Sortie d'une étude fascinante du SPUN sur les échanges Plantes-Fungis. La mise en lumiére de ce commerce par vagues (ondulatoire) par un ingenieux automate conçu pour l'occasion permettant de capturer des timelapses de cette communication bidirectionnelle.
Je serais toujours aussi envouté par ce Wood Wide Web et le paralléle possible, presque psychanalytique, entre les AMF et les réseaux P2P.

Un article clef et stimulant à lire absolument:
www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08614-x


youtu.be/tOUhu2tXIWg

Cc: @denissalem @from_Otterspace @tcrouzet @nitot @fmartin1954 @bayartb @yannlaffont

#mycology #mycologie #woodwideweb #ecologie #nature

Macrocybe titans

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Macrocybe_titans.html

Ecology: Apparently saprobic; growing alone or, more often, gregariously or in loose clusters in grassy or sandy areas, or in ground disturbed by landscaping (usually in the year after the disturbance to the soil)—or, in Central America, growing from ant colonies; fall and winter; In North America distributed from Mexico to Texas, Florida, and the Carolinas; also found in Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. The illustrated and described collections are from Florida and South Carolina.

Cap: 20-30 (reportedly up to 100) cm across at maturity; convex, becoming broadly convex or flat; dry; bald, but sometimes cracking in age or in dry weather; pale yellowish to brownish or buff; fading with age.

Gills: Attached to the stem; crowded; short-gills frequent; white to pale brownish.

Stem: 15-25 cm long; 8-14 cm thick; equal or slightly swollen; dry; whitish overall, with small, bent-back, brownish to whitish scales that become more prominent with age.

Flesh: White; firm; not changing on exposure.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Reported as creamy white.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 4-5 m; broadly ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Lamellar trama parallel. Basidia 4-sterigmate; 30-35 x 5-8 m; clavate. Pseudocystidia scattered on gill faces, scarcely projecting; to 50 x 7.5 m; fusiform to lageniform, with or without an extended neck; thin-walled; with refractive contents in KOH. Pileipellis a cutis of elements 2-5 m wide. Clamp connections present.

Hygrocybe glutinipes

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hygrocybe_glutinipes.html

Ecology: Precise ecological role uncertain (see Lodge and collaborators, 2013); appearing in woods, often on mossy ridgetops; growing scattered or gregariously; spring; North American distribution uncertain. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 5-30 mm across; convex, bell shaped, or nearly hemispheric, becoming broadly convex, broadly bell shaped, or nearly flat; slimy; bald; bright orange to bright reddish orange, fading to paler orange; the margin sometimes faintly lined.

Gills: Narrowly to broadly attached to the stem; close or nearly distant; orange or pale pastel orange; short-gills frequent.

Stem: 20-40 mm long; 2-6 mm thick; equal; slimy; bald; colored like the cap, or paler.

Flesh: Colored like the cap, or paler; thin.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap erasing orange pigment.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-9 x 3.5-5 ; smooth; ellipsoid; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia to 45 long; 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia absent. Gill tissue parallel. Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm of elements 2-4 wide.

Mindfulness poem for the #lichenology #phycology #mycology fans. #Bryology fans can likely relate too.

On Peace by Rosemerry Wahtola Trommer

"There is so much I cannot do
to help the world,
but this—
let me learn to metabolize
silence as the alga in lichen
metabolizes light."

https://ahundredfallingveils.com/2025/03/28/on-peace/

Hapalopilus croceus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hapalopilus_croceus.html

Ecology: Saprobic and parasitic on the wood of oaks; growing alone or in small groups; causing a white rot of the heartwood; summer and fall; widely distributed east of the Great Plains. The illustrated and described collection is from Ohio.

Cap: 4-10 cm across; 3-5 cm deep; semicircular to kidney-shaped; convex; moist; finely fuzzy; golden orange.

Pore Surface: Bright golden orange; not bruising; with 2-3 angular pores per mm; tubes to 2-4 mm deep.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Thick; zoned with zones of golden orange, pastel orange, and brownish; fairly soft.

Chemical Reactions: KOH instantly dark purple on all parts.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-8 x 4-5 m; ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae 2-4 m wide, smooth or encrusted, hyaline or brownish orange, thin-walled, septate, clamped at septa, often agglutinated with brownish to orangish encrusting material.

Sarcoscypha austriaca

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Sarcoscypha_austriaca.html

Ecology: Saprobic on decaying hardwood sticks and logs (but sometimes the wood is buried and the mushrooms appear terrestrial); spring; widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains.

Fruiting Body: Cup-shaped to disc-shaped or irregular; 2 to 7 cm across; upper surface bright red, fading with age, bald, often becoming wrinkled with maturity (especially near the center); undersurface whitish to pinkish or orangish, downy; stem absent or rudimentary, colored like and continuous with the sterile surface; flesh thin, whitish; odor not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH and iron salts negative on all surfaces.

Microscopic Features: Spores 25-37 x 9.5-15 ; ellipsoid to nearly football-shaped, with rounded or, not infrequently, flattened ends; typically with many small (< 3 ) oil droplets; when fresh and viewed in a water mount sometimes appearing partially sheathed at the ends (with "polar caps"). Asci 8-spored. Paraphyses filiform; with orangish red contents. Excipular surface with abundant hairs that are elaborately curved, twisted, and intertwined.

Omphalotus olearius

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Omphalotus_olearius.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing in large clusters on the stumps or buried roots of hardwoods, especially olive trees; late summer and fall; originally described from France (de Candolle, 1815); distribnuted in central and southern Europe. The illustrated and described collection is from Italy.

Cap: 4-12 cm; at first broadly convex, but soon becoming shallowly to moderately depressed; not usually featuring a central bump; bald; dry or slightly greasy; bright brownish orange to yellowish orange&mdash;or in some collections reddish orange or nearly brown; the margin slightly inrolled when young.

Gills: Running down the stem; close; orange; with many short-gills; luminescent when fresh.

Stem: 3.5-9 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; tapering to base; solid; bald; pale orange to orange.

Flesh: Pale orange; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Spore Print Whitish.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 4-6 m; sublacrymoid to subglobose; smooth; hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Cystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis of clamped, cylindric elements 5-10 m wide; green in KOH. Refractive elements not found in the pileipellis and subpellis.

REFERENCES: (de Candolle, 1815) Singer, 1948. (Fries, 1821; Phillips, 1981; Moser, 1983; Nonis, 2001; Kirchmair & P&#246;der, 2002; Kirchmair et al., 2002; Kirchmair et al., 2004; Gminder & B&ouml;hning, 2017.) Herb. Kuo 10161402.

Neofavolus alveolaris

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Neofavolus_alveolaris.html

Ecology: Saprobic on recently-dead sticks and small logs (occasionally on living branches) of hardwoods, when bark is still attached; causing a white rot; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; typically first appearing in late spring, but frequently found in summer and fall; widely distributed and common east of the Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Qu&#233;bec.

Fruiting Body: 2-7 cm across; fan-shaped, semicircular, or kidney shaped; upper surface orange to orangish when fresh and young, fading with age to yellowish or nearly white, radially fibrillose to scaly (at least at first), dry, bald; typically featuring a short and stubby lateral stem, but occasionally with a centrally located and more substantial stem (in which case the cap is round, rather than kidney shaped); pore surface descending the stem, whitish to pale orangish; pores to 1 mm wide and 2 mm long, diamond-shaped or "honeycombed," usually radially arranged; flesh to 2 mm thick, white, tough, unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste not distinctive, or slightly bitter.

Chemical Reactions: KOH dull olive on fresh cap; negative on flesh.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-14 x 2.5-4 ; subcylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH. Basidia 4-spored. Pileipellis a cutis of somewhat agglutinated, hyaline to brownish, clamped elements 2-3 wide. Hyphal system dimitic.

#NewSpecies
A newly discovered fungus from #brazil for #FungiFriday:

Chlorophyllum tenue

Treatment: https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87D9-FF84-E512-FA45-F957FDF3967C
Publication: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2787
#ejtaxonomy #ChlorophyllumTenue

#FAIRdata
#science #OA #openaccess #biology #taxonomy #ecology #biodiversity #nature #wildlife #conservation #fungi #mushrooms #mycology

Clathrus baumii

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Clathrus_baumii.html

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or gregariously in grassy areas; January; possibly widespread across Africa (see discussion above). The illustrated and described collection is from South Africa.

Mature Fruiting Body: 8 cm high; 7 cm wide; consisting of a round-ish, hollow lattice that arises from a stemlike structure.

Lattice Arms: About 1 cm wide and 3 mm thick; forming about 20 more or less round holes; edges of holes tightly striate for 2-4 mm; outer surfaces white, flattened, minutely pitted and spongelike; hollow; inner surfaces bumpy and dull yellowish; glebifers found on the inner surfaces at the intersections of the arms, 0.5-1.5 cm across, wart-like, bumpy.

Pseudostem: Poorly defined; about 2 cm high, whitish to dull yellowish, enclosed in a whitish volva.

Volva: Sac-like, encasing the base of the fruiting body; whitish.

Spore Slime: Dark brown; covering the glebifers; very malodorous.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3.5-5 x 1.5-2 m; subcylindric; smooth; hyaline in KOH, often with two small guttules. Sphaerocysts of the pseudostipe 12-24 m; subglobose; walls about 0.5 m thick; hyaline in KOH. Hyphae of the volva 1-3 m wide; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH; septate; clamp connections not found.

Hericium coralloides

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Hericium_coralloides.html

Ecology: Saprobic and possibly parasitic; growing alone or gregariously on fallen hardwood branches and stumps; late summer and fall, or over winter and in spring in warmer climates; apparently widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota.

Fruiting Body: 8-20 cm across; consisting of branches arising from a more or less central core that is attached to the wood; branches 0.5-1 cm thick, smooth, adorned with fleshy spines; spines 0.5-1 cm long, up to 1 mm wide, white when fresh, becoming faintly yellowish to brownish in old age.

Flesh: White; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3-4 x 2.5-3.5 m; globose; smooth or minutely roughened; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; amyloid. Basidia 16-20 x 3-4 m; subclavate; 4-sterigmate. Gloeoplerous hyphae present, sometimes extending into hymenium to become cystidia (up to 40 x 5 m, cylindric with knobbed apices, smooth, thin-walled).

Lactarius piperatus

https://www.mushroomexpert.com/Lactarius_piperatus.html

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks and other hardwoods; growing scattered, gregariously, or sometimes in dense troops; summer; apparently widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains.

Cap: 4-15 cm; broadly convex, becoming flat, shallowly depressed, or vase-shaped; dry; the margin even; bald; white or whitish, sometimes discoloring a little yellowish or brownish with age.

Gills: Attached to the stem or running slightly down it; very crowded; forking frequently; white becoming pale cream.

Stem: 2-8 cm long; 1-2.5 cm thick; white; more or less equal, or tapering a little to base; bald; without potholes; solid.

Flesh: White; thick; hard; sometimes discoloring yellowish with age.

Milk: Copious; white; unchanging after exposure, or changing slowly to yellowish; not staining tissues, or staining them slightly yellowish; not staining white paper.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste excruciatingly acrid.

Chemical Reactions: KOH pale magenta on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-10 x 5-8 ; broadly ellipsoid; ornamentation less than 0.5 high, as scattered warts and lines that occasionally form vague patterns but do not form reticula. Pleuromacrocystidia up to about 70 long; subcylindric. Cheilocystidia similar. Pileipellis a hyphoepithelium with the upper, cutis-like layer very thin and the lower, cellular layer easily demonstrated.