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#fungi

36 posts29 participants2 posts today

I went out trekking on a riverside today and they are the findings:

1. Wild cherry tree. 🌸🍂
2. Curly shoot of a giant fern. 🌀
3. Mysterious blobby mushroom. 🐙
4. An underwater egg, or eggshell, of a salamander. 🦎

Yes, it was a good day! 😆

Ischnoderma resinosum

mushroomexpert.com/Ischnoderma

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods; annual; causing a white rot that separates the annual rings in the wood and often smells of anise; appearing on recently fallen wood and on wood that has been down for several years, but not typically on well-rotted wood; growing alone, gregariously, or in overlapping clusters; usually appearing in fall; widely distributed in North America but more common in the Midwest and eastern United States. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Wisconsin.

Fruiting Body: Usually presenting a well-developed cap, but sometimes appearing effused-reflexed or even resupinate.

Cap: 5-19 cm across; 3-9 cm deep; irregularly bracket-shaped, kidney-shaped, or nearly semicircular; broadly convex; when young quite thick and fleshy, with a finely velvety surface with zones of pinkish brown and brown, and a thick whitish margin; in maturity dark brown, sometimes with zones of blackish brown, fairly bald, dry, and tough.

Pore Surface: When young whitish, soft, promptly bruising brown; in maturity pale brown and hard; with 4-6 angular or round pores per mm; tubes 2-8 mm deep.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Whitish to dull pinkish brown and soft at first; darkening to brown and becoming tougher with maturity.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface black; on flesh negative to brownish or grayish.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 1-1.5 m; allantoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Cystidia not found. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae of tube trama 2-4 m wide, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, with clamp connections at septa; skeletal hyphae 4-6 m wide, with walls 1-1.5 m thick.

Cyathus olla

mushroomexpert.com/Cyathus_oll

Ecology: Saprobic; growing scattered, gregariously, or in dense clusters; sometimes growing terrestrially, but often found on woody debris; frequently encountered on dead plant stems, including corn husks in cornfields and debris in canola fields; summer and fall; widely distributed in North America.

Nest: 8-15 mm high; 6-10 mm wide; cup-shaped or goblet-shaped; outer surface brownish to grayish, bald or minutely hairy to velvety (but not conspicuously hairy); inner surface bald and shiny, silvery gray to blackish; "lid" typically whitish to pale grayish, soon disappearing; outer edge flared open widely by maturity, frequently broadly wavy.

Eggs: To 3 or 4 mm wide; round to somewhat irregular in outline; usually somewhat flattened; gray to gray-brown or nearly black; sheathed; attached to the nest by cords.

Microscopic Features: Spores 10-14 x 6-8 m; ovate to ellipsoid; smooth.

Conocybe apala

mushroomexpert.com/Conocybe_ap

Ecology: Saprobic; growing scattered or gregariously in grassy areas (lawns, meadows, pastures, and so on), or in woodchips or compost; summer and fall (especially common in muggy weather); originally described from Sweden (Fries 1818); widely distributed in Europe and North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 1.5-4.5 cm; conical when young, becoming broadly conical and droopy, sometimes with a bell-shaped center or an uplifted outer edge; dry; bald; becoming finely lined at the margin; whitish or creamy buff, sometimes with a slightly darker center.

Gills: Narrowly attached to the stem; close or crowded; short-gills present; pale at first but soon cinnamon brown; often dissolving in hot, humid weather.

Stem: 7-10 cm long; 1-3 mm thick; extremely fragile; hollow; more or less equal above a slight basal swelling; whitish to faintly yellowish, especially near the base; bald or, on the upper portion, with scattered tiny hairs.

Flesh: Insubstantial.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH gray to lilac gray on cap surface.

Spore Print: Cinnamon brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 10-15 x 6-8 m; ellipsoid, with a large pore; smooth; walls 0.5-1 m thick; orangish brown in KOH; orangish in Melzer's. Basidia about 20 x 12 m; abruptly clavate; 4-sterigmate. Brachybasidioles present. Pleurocystidia not found. Cheilocystidia 20-28 x 7-14 m; lecythiform with a subglobose head 2-4 m wide, a narrow (2 m) neck, and an obclavate bottom portion; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis cellular; terminal elements 5-30 m wide, subglobose, smooth, hyaline in KOH. Caulocystidia 10-28 x 5-10 m; subcylindric to subglobose or somewhat irregular; catenuated; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH.

Russula virescens

mushroomexpert.com/Russula_vir

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with hardwoods (but I have collected it under conifers with no hardwoods nearby); growing alone or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains, and occasionally reported in western North America.

Cap: 5-15 cm; round to convex when young, becoming broadly convex to flat to uplifted with a shallow depression; dry; velvety; the surface soon cracking up into small patches; green to yellowish green; the margin not lined to very slightly lined; the skin peeling about halfway to the center.

Gills: Attached to the stem or nearly free from it at maturity; close or crowded; white to cream.

Stem: 3-9 cm long; 2-4 cm thick; brittle; dry; smooth; white; discoloring brownish with age.

Flesh: White; brittle; thick; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive; taste mild.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-9 x 5.5-7 ; elliptical to subglobose; warts extending to 0.5 high; connectors variable (nearly absent, scattered, or creating partially reticulated areas). Pleurocystidia scarce. Pileipellis a cutis overlaid with epithelium-like areas (the crustose patches) composed of elements of chained cells diminishing in width from base to tip, with the terminal cell projecting an extension that is frequently elongated and tapered; pileocystidia cylindric with capitate apices, positive in sulphovanillin.

Amanita arkansana

mushroomexpert.com/Amanita_ark

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with oaks; summer; distributed east of the Great Plains from roughly I-70 southward. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Indiana.

Cap: 8-16 cm across; oval at first, expanding to convex and, later, planoconvex; bald; sticky when fresh, but soon dry; when young yellowish orange with or without a yellow marginal area, becoming yellowish orange to yellow overall, with a brownish orange to brownish yellow center; without warts or patches; the margin grooved for several centimeters.

Gills: Free from the stem or slightly attached to it; whitish to pale yellow; close; not discoloring; short-gills present.

Stem: 10-20 cm long; 1-2.5 cm thick; tapering slightly to apex; base even, or with a slight bulb; dry; bald or finely silky; whitish to yellowish; with a white to pale yellow, skirtlike ring and a white, sacklike volva.

Flesh: White; not staining on exposure.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-10 x 5-7 m; broadly ellipsoid to subamygdaliform; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia not found. Subhymenium cellular. Pileipellis an ixocutis of elements 2-4 m wide, hyaline to yellowish in KOH.